What is universalism in the context of sociology?

Universalism in sociology refers to the idea that certain principles, values, or rights are applicable to all individuals regardless of cultural, geographical, or social differences. This perspective emphasizes the existence of universal human rights and ethical standards that transcend local customs and norms.

The concept is crucial for understanding how sociological theories can apply broadly across different societies and how policies can be formulated to promote equality and justice on a global scale. By asserting that some principles are inherently valid for everyone, universalism challenges cultural relativism, which suggests that beliefs and practices should be understood in their own cultural context.

This understanding of universalism fosters discussions on global inequalities and the idea that everyone, irrespective of their background, deserves access to the same rights and opportunities. In contrast, the other options are more focused on specific aspects of cultural exchange or moral frameworks rather than a broad principle that applies universally.