What is the primary outcome of industrialization?

Industrialization fundamentally transforms economies from agrarian-based systems to ones that heavily rely on machinery and manufacturing processes. This transition marks a significant shift in how goods are produced and how work is organized. As industries develop, the adoption of machinery increases productivity and efficiency, fundamentally reshaping labor patterns and economic structures.

Greater reliance on machinery leads to mass production, which can result in lower costs for consumers and the availability of goods on a scale previously unattainable. This shift also catalyzes urbanization, as many individuals migrate from rural areas to urban centers in search of jobs in factories and industrial complexes.

The other options do not align with the primary outcome of industrialization. Increased population in rural areas contradicts the trend of urban migration, while a decrease in urban populations is not a characteristic of industrialization; rather, urban areas typically expand as jobs become concentrated in cities. Lastly, increased agricultural dependency is at odds with the trend of industrialization, which often leads to a diversification away from agriculture as economies industrialize and shift towards manufacturing and service sectors.