What is a common characteristic of social facts as defined by Durkheim?

A common characteristic of social facts, as defined by Émile Durkheim, is that they exist outside of individual agency. Durkheim emphasized that social facts are collective phenomena that shape individual behavior and experiences. They are not merely the result of individual actions or choices; rather, they are societal norms, values, and structures that exert pressure on individuals.

For example, laws, customs, and institutions function independently of the individual, influencing how people act and interact within society. Durkheim argued that understanding these social facts is crucial for analyzing society as they provide insight into how social order is maintained and how individuals conform to societal expectations. This perspective highlights the importance of examining the social structures and cultural contexts that exist beyond individual control, thereby defining the essence of social facts in Durkheim's sociological framework.