In sociology, what is a theory?

A theory in sociology is characterized as a set of logically interrelated statements that aim to explain and predict social phenomena. This means that a theory is not just a simple guess or an opinion; rather, it is a well-organized framework that connects various concepts and observations in a coherent manner. The strength of a theory lies in its ability to provide a systematic understanding of social dynamics and to generate hypotheses that can be tested through research. The interrelations among the statements within a theory help to clarify complex social issues and provide insight into patterns of behavior and societal trends.

In contrast, while a tested hypothesis may form part of a theory, it does not encompass the full scope of what a theory represents. An opinion on social matters lacks the rigor and systematic approach that a theory entails, and qualitative research refers to specific methodological approaches rather than the conceptual framework represented by a theory. Thus, identifying a theory as a set of logically interrelated statements accurately captures its role in sociology.